ACCA Audit and Assurance (F8) Practice Exam

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of internal controls?

1. Controls provide absolute assurance

2. Costs versus benefits of control measures

3. Potential for human error

4. Management can bypass controls

The correct answer is: Controls provide absolute assurance

The assertion that controls provide absolute assurance is indeed a notable limitation of internal controls. Internal controls are designed to minimize the risk of errors or fraud, but they cannot eliminate the inherent risk associated with business processes entirely. This means that while controls can significantly reduce the likelihood of an issue arising, they cannot guarantee that issues will never occur. Absolute assurance implies a certainty that is unrealistic in the context of controls, as various factors such as changing circumstances, improper implementation, or unforeseen events can render controls ineffective. Understanding that internal controls cannot provide absolute assurance helps organizations maintain a balanced perspective towards risk management. It fosters a culture of continuous monitoring and improvement, ensuring that controls are regularly evaluated and enhanced in response to emerging risks or weaknesses. This recognition is crucial for effective governance and compliance, as it encourages proactive measures rather than complacency with existing controls. The other options highlight real challenges associated with implementing internal controls. When weighing the cost versus benefits, organizations must consider whether the expense of a control measure is justified by the level of risk it mitigates. The potential for human error acknowledges that controls can be bypassed or misapplied due to mistakes, while the possibility of management bypassing controls reflects a serious ethical risk that can undermine the control environment.